Space Weather: Real-Time 24hr Effective Sunspot Number

SSNe24 7-day plot

Note: This plot is updated hourly. See below for a data-use summary.

Track the status of the solar-cycle for the past 12 months or for Cycles 23 and 24.

If you are looking for the observed sunspot number derived from optical observations of the sun, you've been miss-routed.
This link provides a comparison of the effective SSN shown on this page to the observed solar sunspot number.

The parameter shown in the upper plot is the effective sunspot number (SSNe) calculated using real-time foF2 observations collected during the 06- or 24-hour period ending at the date/time the SSNe is plotted for. The data plotted in the lower plot are the RMS percent difference between the foF2 observations used in the SSNe calculation and the model foF2 values generated using the SSNe in the URSI-88 foF2 model. The heavy and light curves for both SSNe and the RMS foF2 differences correspond to values calculated using the past 24 hours of foF2 data (heavy lines) and values calculated from the past 06 hours of foF2 data (light lines). Note the quasi-diurnal variation in the 06hr SSNe values, which is due primarily to unequal longitude spacing of the foF2 stations from which the SSNe are being calculated.

The heavy line along the top of the plot is a rough indicator of the number of foF2 values used in the 24hr near-real-time calculation. A wide line indicates that at least 350 values were used, and narrower line indicates less than 350 but more than 200, and no line indicates fewer than 200. The number of foF2 values used and the RMS foF2 difference can be used as an indicator of the usefulness and validity of a particular SSNe value.

The following table summarizes the observations used in calculating the most recent SSNe value. The X entry for a particular station/time indicates there was an foF2 value available and it was used in the SSNe calculation. A - entry indicates that an foF2 value was available, but it was excluded from the SSNe calculation (it was identified as an outlier point). The bar (|) symbol along the time axis of the table indicates the latest-data time (ie., data to the right of this column are from the previous day).

Date: 20100316                          000000000011111111112222 
GMLAT  Station              Used  Rej   012345678901234567890123 
-----  -------------------  ---- ----  +-----|------------------+
 49.7  Boulder                24   00  |XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX|
 49.4  Fairford               24   00  |XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX|
 49.1  Chilton                22   00  |XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXX|
 49.0  Wallops Island         24   00  |XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX|
 48.3  Warsaw                 00   00  |     |                  |
 46.8  Dourbes                23   00  |XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX|
 46.3  Pruhonice              24   00  |XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX|
 43.5  Manzhouli              00   00  |     |                  |
 42.5  Dyess AFB              00   00  |     |                  |
 42.5  Bermuda                00   00  |     |                  |
 42.1  Eglin AFB              00   00  |     |                  |
 41.6  Khabasrovsk            03   00  |     |XXX               |
 40.6  Point Arguello         00   00  |     |                  |
 38.7  Wakkanai               16   00  |XXX XXX  XXXX  XXX   XXX|
 36.8  Rome                   22   00  |XXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXX|
 36.3  Roquetes               24   00  |XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX|
 35.4  San Vito               01   00  |     |      X           |
 34.1  Beijing                18   00  |     |XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX|
 32.6  Athens                 23   00  |XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX |
 32.4  Ashkhabad              07   00  |     |XXXXXXX           |
 32.0  El Arenosillo          23   00  |XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX|
 30.5  Osan AFB               00   00  |     |                  |
 30.5  Anyang                 00   00  |     |                  |
 30.3  Ramey                  00   00  |     |                  |
 28.7  Kokubunji              14   00  |XXX XXX XXXXXX X       X|
 24.0  Yamagawa               19   00  |XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX X   XXX|
 22.6  Chongqing              00   00  |     |                  |
 18.9  Okinawa                18   00  |XXX X|XXXXXXXXX  XX  XXX|
 16.0  Guangzhou              00   00  |     |                  |
  4.0  Kwajalein              11   00  |     |XXXXXXXX XXX      |
  0.9  Jicamarca              20   01  |XXX-XXXX   XXXXXXXXXXXXX|
-11.8  Vanimo                 00   00  |     |                  |
-17.0  Ascension Island       00   00  |     |                  |
-18.6  Port Moresby           00   00  |     |                  |
-22.3  Darwin                 21   00  |XXXXXXXXXX X XXXXXXXXXX |
-23.1  Cocos Island           23   00  |XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXX|
-25.3  Nuie                   23   00  |XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX|
-28.9  Townsville             24   00  |XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX|
-32.8  Madimbo                06   00  |     |XXXXXX            |
-32.9  Learmonth              00   00  |     |                  |
-36.5  Norfolk Island         20   00  |XXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXX X X|
-36.9  Brisbane               23   00  |XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX|
-38.3  Port Stanley           23   00  |XXXXX|XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX|
-38.6  Louisvale              06   00  |     |XXXXXX            |
-41.9  Grahamstown            24   00  |XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX|
-42.2  Hermanos               24   00  |XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX|
-44.7  Camden                 00   00  |     |                  |
-45.1  Mundaring              00   00  |     |                  |
-46.0  Canberra               16   00  |X XXXXX XXX   X  XXX XXX|
-------------------  -----  ---- ----  +-----|------------------+
  # Expected / # Received / Percent: 1152 / 594 /  51.6

If you would like to get a feel for how effective these effective-SSN indices are, foF2 plots comparing the observations with model foF2 values calculated using the NWRA and 55SWS SSNe values are available. There is a one-day delay between the latest SSNe values available and these plots to permit more data to arrive at the NOAA SWPC for comparison.

Daily foF2 Comparison Plots

For more information on NWRA Space Weather activities, send e-mail to: Jim Secan (NWRA)

The foF2 data used in these calculations were obtained from the NOAA SWPC. These data are being made avaiable from SWPC on a test basis, so there will be occassional periods of data loss as their system is tested.

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